BACKGROUND INFO, LEGAL ASPECTS, CAREFULNESS ETC
(things which are supposed to be understood and not
repeated with each new elsketch project page)
http://www.stamash.com/secs_stamash_educational_centers/elsketch/
OVERVIEW OVER ONLINE AVAILABLE ELSKETCH PROJECTS --
http://www.stamash.com/secs_stamash_educational_centers/elsketch/sitemap/
-- THESE HAVE ALL BEEN CAREFULLY STUDIED IN REAL LIFE,
NOT JUST AS AN EMULATION ON A COMPUTER, AND FOUND TO
WORK AS PROMISED; NOTE THAT SUCH AS AM MW RADIOS IS
-- FOR ANY LONG-RANGE USE -- EXTREMELY TIED UP TO
ALL SORTS OF WEATHER CONDITIONS AND THE EXTENT TO
WHICH IT IS NIGHTTIME
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For the G15 Multiversity: Background works
Also part of the Stamash Educational CenterS, SECS
For general info about G15 Yoga6dorg see also www.norskesites.org/fic3
In general terms, we might use the following
vocabulary: Each Elsketch project constitutes
also a report over successfully completed
electronics development and implementation work,
in a sense a bit of 'neopopperian research',
intended to be replicated in an improvised,
intuitive, playful way by anybody who likes
to educate herself in this way.
This report is dated August 26, 2013. For
general info about copyright confer the spirit
of honoring acknowledgements as found in our
www.yoga4d.org/cfdl.txt.
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Elsketch: Your first electronic gateway into Boolean logic
-- Boolean logic is nothing without the "not": from using the
transistor in a radio and such, let's make the tinest possible
elsketch which shines light when shadowed
[note: for ease of composing the materials, frequent mentions
in the Elsketch texts are made of things which belong to the
future -- future Elsketch activities include making even a
whole G15 computer, and parallel activities are also referred
to in the same manner, such as the chemical educational activity
we have named Atomlite. apart from these references to things not
yet done as if they have been done, each elsketch project describes
a project actually carried out to success, and well tested, and
fully doable in the present by following the instructions.]
YOUR FIRST GATEWAY INTO BOOLEAN LOGIC: COMBAT THE SHADOWS
Get hold of a light-sensitive modulator (also called
'photoresistor' in 20th century jargon), and a green led
BEFORE YOU BEGIN, MAKE THE STEEL GRID
First, you make a steel grid as with the 1st radio
module. The steel grid is normally more stable if you
put the steel wires alternatively over and under one
another as you construct it -- with a sense of
'knitting'. Tie up variously colored plastic-isolated
thin steel wires (eg 0.6-0.7mm) of various lengths at
suitable positions intuitively decided.
COMPONENT LIST -- ANTI-SHADOWER
GENERAL
*** 12 volt straight current power supply
"power supply"
ANTI-SHADOWER (AS)
*** one NPN BC547C 45 volt or more transistor
"as transistor"
*** one 2.2k modulator
"as power"
*** one 50k modulator (eg two 100k in parallel)
"as m-pin"
*** one light-sensitive modulator (also called
'photoresistor' in 20th century terminology),
going into above 100000 ohm when it encounters
a dark shadow, otherwise, with very bright light
straight on, going into 500 ohm or less; this
type of thing is not normally polarised (so
any of its two pins can be regard as pin 1)
"lsm"
*** one green led indicator that will light up
at 2 or 2.1 volt or so and that can handle several
more volt; this one is polarised (see
component comments underneath)
"led"
TINNING INSTRUCTIONS -- 1ST GATEWAY INTO BOOLEAN LOGIC
Standard recommendations: Pls read comments after the
tinning instructions BEFORE tinning. Take extra care
with getting transistors and mf capacitors right.
Switch power on only after looking at the elsketch
very very carefully -- and then keep SAFE distance!
This is your own responsibility. Don't do it if
you're uncertain about the effects of doing this!
Use much light & magnifiers. Regard names of sections
of an elsketch as informal just like item tags. Check
tinnings by pulling a little on them and when in
doubt also check with an ohm-meter before power is on
(after short-circuiting any mf capacitors connected).
Remember that unless otherwise stated you can improvise
freely as to just how you tin something to something
else -- anywhere along a wire already tinned to one of
them you can un-insulated by the tinner, say, -- it's
not that you have to put more than one wire to each
component. Don't overheat transistors and such -- a
brief tinning to a wire, and let each cool before next
tinning. If a twisted pair of modulators (say) seems
not to be tight enough, it's best to tin them also.
POWER
* Get the POWER SUPPLY wires and be sure of which wire
is which.
* Tin PLUS pole of POWER SUPPLY to PIN 1 of AS POWER
modulator. Tin PIN 2 of this modulator to PLUS pole
of LED.
* Tin E-POLE of LED to C-PIN of AS TRANSISTOR. The idea
here is that current -- plus current -- flows through
the LED to the transistor. (When connecting something
in series like this, one shouldn't take the idea of
the poles of the items in the middle of the series as
telling of what the pole is relative to the power supply.)
* Tin PIN 1 of AS M-PIN modulator to the M-PIN of the
AS TRANSISTOR. Tin PIN 2 of AS M-PIN modulator to C-PIN
of AS TRANSISTOR (as one example).
* Tin E-POLE of POWER SUPPLY to E-PIN of AS TRANSISTOR,
and also to PIN 1 of LSM.
* Tin PIN 2 of LSM to M-PIN of AS TRANSISTOR.
DONE!
COMPONENT COMMENTS -- READ BEFORE TINNING
AS FOR LSM
test it with ohm-meter while trying total shadow and very
bright light straight on it, if isn't wildly beating -- both
ways -- the 50k modulator on the middle pin, adjust this
modulator
AS FOR LED
these crystal-based little lights are funny fellows: they
conduct beautifully when given more than some volt, but
nothing at all when given just a little bit volt;
and yet, only in one direction. So don't expect an ohm-meter
to make much sense out of a led. By noticing the amount of
volt a led should want to give a nice green signal, you can
put several of these in series so it adds up to some 10-12
volt, and then put them to a 12 volt power supply just to
see that they work -- or the power supply works. Be sure
to notice that in 20th century tradition for led's, the
shortest pin is the E-pole, and we want normally the longest
to be E-pole. So take the longest pin and bend it so that
the one most outstretched is the E-pole. When doing them in
series, connect each E-pole pin in one to the plus-pole in
the next.
[[[Mountable data app for input to elsketch emulator
in G15 comes as a link to a .zip here:]]]
YOU HAVE TINNED IT -- NOW GET IT UP!!!!!
The idea here is that the M-PIN -- the middle pin, the
regulator pin of the flow through the transistor, gets
two competing influences: it gets a trickle through the
50k ohm from the plus pole, and it gets anything from
a tiny tiny trickle (when there is a shadow) to something
much bigger than a trickle from the e-pole (when there
is a light), due to the light-sensitive modulator.
A shadow means, then, that the middle pin gets no
opposition, it becomes positive, and the green signal
led will shine nicely.
If you haven't got a strong light in suitable distance,
then you can use a weaker light if you shine it straight
onto the lsm. Shine it straight onto it, and there will
be no green signal. The green signal comes on when there's
a shadow or full darkness around the lsm.
The green signal is composed of a certain type of crystal
so that it has features about it that is -- as with all
crystals and crystalline elements in electronics -- very
much a q-field (quantum-like, near key elements in supermodel
theory, rather than pp-field, or push-pull fields, as in
some machines). One of the q-field things here is that
it allows current in only one direction -- a bit like how
it is between the middle pin and any one of the other pins
of a transistor, only that here, current must be beyond a
minimum volt for its ohm to get reduced to a level where
it will allow anything to flow through it.
The light-sensitive modulator, or LSM, is also having
q-fields, responding to light so that light means more
current flowing through it. If you have many many very
tiny such modulators and fit some lenses so that you
spread a focussed image of over them, you can begin
to make of this a camera. Now since this LSM is very
rich in how it spreads itself over the ohms, one could
really wire it pretty directly to a LED without going
through the transistor. But it's good practise to do it
with a transistor and it's also good to know that if the
variation in ohm wasn't that great, we could have
fine-tuned the whole thing by varying the other modulator
connected to the middle pin. It's also good to know that
a transistor can act so as to release a much stronger
flow of electricity -- not merely speaking of volt which
very roughly is the 'speed' of the electricity, but
the 'quantity' of electricity, measured in ampere.
By having several transistors in series, and some made
specially to handle more power (watts, a measurement
which is calculated by multiplying the qty of ampere
with the qty of volt), we can even use a trickle-sized
electrical current through an item to govern a huge
motor. The LSM surely doesn't handle all that much
ampere. So it's good that we start out working on it
without presuming that it is going to drive the
machinery it controls directly. The notion of "relay"
comes to mind: something feather-light is used to
initialise something far more powerful. This idea of
the relay is sometimes used in fiction, also by
analogy -- as something that can apply to mind. In the
Uncanny X-Men series before #153, one of the X-Men girls
got 'too powerful' for her own good and killed herself
rather than causing tremendous harm; but there was a
phase in which she was normalised due to the professor
installing what they described as a 'relay' in her mind.
This relay was, then, a low-power control of something
high-power -- and we see that the use of transistor
in this sense constitute a kind of 'mental bit' in the
composition of a holistic computer like G15.
EDUCATIONAL COMMENT ABOUT OTHER THINGS
We're making bits and pieces of a full G15 computer because
we want to understand, at heart, in a first-hand sense,
something of the essence of computers. We want to have a
feeling for how the organic, sensitive nature of all these
things work together so as to provide the reliable, robust,
interesting, exciting machinery of well-working, society-
serving computers. A computer has a bunch of memory positions,
or RAM, storing numbers; it has a computer clock -- an
oscillator, doing essentially a counting -- from one step
to the next, organising things; it has a connection to input
and output machinery outside it, including keyboard, mouse,
display, and other things; and it has logical gates, socalled;
which includes something much like this one -- a "Boolean NOT",
which gives a signal when it doesn't get a signal, and vice
versa; a "Boolean AND", which gives a signal when two signals
are given it; and a "Boolean OR", which gives a signal when
its given one, or the other, or both of two input signals.
By handling numbers as collections of bits, 0 and 1, or no
signal and the presence of a signal, it turns out that with
these three logical gates one can get going with arithmetic
and all the rest of it. The big numbers up to a billion and
slightly further require 32 such bits -- that could mean
something like 32 wires. Each wire requires its own set of
logical gates. It adds up to many many thousands of logical
gates to get the after all relatively simple individual
possible actions of a CPU to be performed. Add many many
thousands of such actions of the CPU and you get such as
the functionality of a computer in, say, a second. A real
education must not only allow you to float on top of a
computer and its incredible permutations of numbers but
point out that the greater reality is far more subtle than
any machine; and indeed the computer -- being a machine --
is composed of items which each can be seen to be not
merely a machine.
Best of lucks!
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BACKGROUND INFO, LEGAL ASPECTS, CAREFULNESS ETC
(things which are supposed to be understood and not
repeated with each new elsketch project page)
http://www.stamash.com/secs_stamash_educational_centers/elsketch/
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